Archive for October, 2007

Should You Really Make Your Diet More Alkaline?

Alkaline Diets – Where’s the Science?

The latest trend in alternative health circles is to advocate having an alkaline diet. There are currently many books on the market about acid-base balance in the human body. Most, if not all, of the authors of these books recommend an alkaline diet. The group think is that Americans eat too much meat and too many grain based, processed foods. Since grains and meat are both acid forming, the the common thinking is that everyone must be too acidic. Personally, I think this assumption is not necessarily true for the reasons listed below.

When an Acid Diet May be Best
1. I’ve never actually seen any actual research studies supporting the assertion that most Americans are suffering from acidosis. Alternative health experts often make this claim, but personally I’ve never seen it backed up by any actual studies or hard numbers. What people think is true is often not true. People used to have the perception that most millionaires live in mansions and drive fancy cars, like theClampetts in the Beverly Hillbillies, but when the authors of the book The Millionaire Next Dooractually studied millionaires, they found that most of them were quite frugal. It turns out that many millionaires clip coupons and shop at Costco. So sometimes what people think must be true may not be true at all. I could make the claim that since many people in the U.S. take mineral supplements and mineral supplements tend to be alkaline, then most people must be suffering from alkalosis. (I don’t really have no idea of that is true, but it makes as much sense to make a broad claim like that in support of alkalosis as it does for the mass acidosis theory.)

2. In my family, we have been doing pH testing for years. In a given week some people with have acid test results and some will have alkaline test results, given similar diets. One person may be acid one week and alkaline the next. Without actual testing, I could not predict who in my family may be too acidic, so it seems unlikely to me that I can’t make any predictions for my family anyone could make an accurate prediction for the population at large.

3. Recent studies show that people consumption of acid foods such as vinegar, coffee and sourdough bread can lower glucose levels. Glucose level are high in people with diabetes. Diabetes is reaching epidemic proportions in the U.S. and other industrialized countries. These facts would indicate that at least some, if not many, people may possibly improve their health by having a more acid diet.

4. Nutritionists recommend acid ash diets for people with calcium based kidney stones, which are the most common type of kidney stones.Some experts estimate that approximately three percent of the adult population in the United States will develop urinary calculi at some point in their lifetime. Uric acid based kidney stones respond better to alkaline ash diets. Clearly then not all people with kidney stones should be on an alkaline forming diet. For some people this type of diet may make their stones worse.

Balance is Best

It is easy enough to check urine pH, so rather than assume that everyone would benefit by an alkaline forming diet, it would be more logical to encourage people to consume a healthy diet based on their own individual needs.

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Book Review: The Paleo Diet by Loren Cordain


The Paleo Diet is written by Loren Cordain, a professor in the Health and Exercise Science Department at Colorado State University. Dr. Cordain believes that we would all be healthier is we eliminated modern foods and went back to a diet our ancestors ate. It sounds good in theory, but I have some reservations about the book and I think some of the claims are a bit unfounded.

The basic principles of his diet are to

  • Eat lean meat and high fiber, non-starchy fruits and vegetables.
  • Grain, tubers (potatoes, yams, etc.), beans and sugar are not allowed
  • Fat intake should be moderate
  • Saturated fats are to be avoided. Equal amounts of omega-3 and omega-6 fats should be eaten
  • Sodium intake should be kept low and potassium.
  • The diet should have a net alkaline load.
  • Focus should be on meat and nutrient rich plant foods.

Dr. Cordain feels that this is the way we are genetically programmed to eat. The diet he recommends is most likely healthier than what the average American eats in a day. In fact, there is a chart in the books comparing the nutrients in a sample standard American diet versus a sample Pale Diet menu. The levels of nutrients in thePaleo Diet are many times higher that the typical American diet. One thing I’m not sure about is the high amount of meat he recommends people eat in his sample menus. A high meat diet is contrary to many of the recommendations of other diet experts. He might be right, but it hard to accept his advice because it is so contrary an ideas to what most people have been taught about healthy diets over the years.

One of the factors I liked about this book is that many of his suggestions seem to be based on hard science. I’ve read some of the other books available on alkaline balance and few, if any, refer to any research papers. Many of the other books have a lot of claims about alkaline diets that are unsupported and unverifiable. While other health experts I’m sure would take issue with many of the suggestions in the book, at least Dr. Cordain does attempt to provide scientific backing and supporting studies for most of his recommendations.

I tend to agree with him about avoiding grains. I can’t say I always follow the advice to limit grains, but I do feel better when I do minimize them in my diet. I think most grains tend to be too high in carbs and too low in nutrition for the amount of calories they provide.

However, I don’t understand why Dr. Cordain doesn’t want people to eat tubers, though. They are a completely natural food and it seems like they are a staple for many primitive tribes. I’d be very surprised if Paleolithic people didn’t in reality eat tubers. I also like to eat beans. They are very high in magnesium, which is a good anti-stress mineral. I always feel better after eating lots of beans, so I wouldn’t stop just because of this book.

Overall the book has some good points, but I’m not sure it is really for perfect diet for everyone. It seems like a high meat diet would not be healthy for all body types, especially people who are overweight since meat is a very high calorie food.

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Alkaline Diet and Osteoporosis

A study in Japan found that rats that had their ovaries removed had less calcium loss when they were given a daily dose of vinegar. The Japanese researchers concluded that dietary vinegar improved intestinal calcium absorption by improving calcium solubility and by the trophic effect of the acetic acid contained in vinegar, which reduced the bone turnover caused by the removal of the rats’ ovaries. They felt that this could be important information in preventing osteoporosis in humans.

Many web sites and books these days tout the benefits of an alkaline diet, especially for osteoporosis prevention, but the results from the study above should raise a question as to whether this common assumption is based on fact or simply common belief. Vinegar is an acid food, and this study found that having a dose of vinegar, each day was beneficial for the rats’ bone structure.

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Alkaline Vegetables

broccoli and pepper on a cutting board

Most vegetables leave an alkaline ash in the human body.

These include:

  • Asparagus
  • Beets
  • Beet Greens
  • Broccoli
  • Cabbage
  • Carrots
  • Cauliflower
  • Celery
  • Chard
  • Cucumber
  • Dandelion greens
  • Eggplant
  • Endive
  • Kale
  • Kohlrabi
  • Lettuce
  • Mushrooms
  • Okra
  • Onion
  • Parsnips
  • Peas
  • Peppers
  • Potato
  • Pumpkin
  • Radish
  • Squash
  • Sweet potato
  • Tomatoes
  • Tomato Juice
  • Turnip Greens
  • Turnips
  • Watercress

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Acidic Fruits

cranberries

Most fruits are alkalinizing. Cranberries, plums and prunes are among the few acidic fruits. Because of its acidity, cranberry juice is a traditional remedy for bladder infections. The acids in the berries make the urine more acidic and less vulnerable to pathogenic bacteria. A study published in the Journal of Nutrition found that large quantities of cranberries fed to healthy young men produced a mild to moderate acidosis.

Link: Effect of Cranberries on Urinary Acidity and Blood Alkali Reserve

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Alkaline Fruits

bananas

Most fruits have an alkaline ash. Fruits like grapefruits and oranges are acid when uneaten but leave an alkaline ash after being metabolized by the body.

  • Apple
  • Apricots
  • Banana
  • Blackberries
  • Blueberries
  • Cantaloupe
  • Cherries
  • Currants
  • Dates
  • Figs
  • Gooseberries
  • Grapefruit
  • Grapes
  • Lemon
  • Lime
  • Loganberries
  • Mango
  • Nectarines
  • Olives
  • Oranges
  • Peaches
  • Pears
  • Persimmons
  • Pineapple
  • Raisins
  • Raspberries
  • Strawberries
  • Tangerines
  • Watermelon

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